Australians and New Zealanders gathered at dawn services and street marches at home and further afield to commemorate war dead on Anzac Day.

The two countries mark Anzac Day on April 25 each year – the date in 1915 when Australia and New Zealand Army Corps landed on the beaches of Gallipoli in north west Turkey, the start of an ill-fated First World War campaign.

Prime minister Anthony Albanese spoke to more than 30,000 people who gathered at the Australian War Memorial in the capital Canberra for the first Anzac Day since his government was elected almost a year ago.

“Gallipoli is just one battle in our history, but in all its stories of valour and resilience, in its simple truth of Australians looking out for each other no matter how bad things got, it has come to stand for something so much bigger in our collective heart,” he said.

Turkey ANZAC Day
An Australian soldier plays bagpipes as people attend the dawn service ceremony at the Anzac Cove beach on the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey (Emrah Gurel/AP)

His government chose the eve of Anzac Day to release a review of the nation’s defence force which warned China’s growing military strength and assertiveness meant Australia’s geographic isolation did not provide the protection from global conflict that it once did.

The report recommended increased Australian defence spending and a rapid embrace of missile technology to strike targets at longer ranges.

While veterans of the two world wars dominated Anzac Day services and marches for decades, their descendants and unrelated younger generations have taken their place, defying an expectation that the tradition might die with the veterans.

Veterans affairs minister Matt Keogh, who represented his government at the Gallipoli dawn service, said: “What we’ve really seen Anzac Day become is not just about one conflict, it’s now a day where we commemorate not just those that died but all those people that have served in our uniform on our behalf in conflict.”

Australia Anzac Day
Eddie McMullen, two, is dressed in a kilt and carries bagpipes as he watches sailors prepare for the Anzac Day parade in Sydney (Rick Rycroft/AP)

In Sydney, Glenda Rixon wore the medals of her late father Henry ‘Harry’ Rixon, a Korean War infantryman, and was touched that the 70th anniversary of the Korean armistice was noted in Martin Place where dawn services have been held since 1927.

“Usually they don’t say anything – it’s like it’s the forgotten war,” she said.

“I’m really proud of my father. He passed away eight years ago. It’s a special day. We used to always watch him march,” she added.

As well as 70 years since Australia’s involvement in the Korean War ended, this year’s ceremonies also commemorated 50 years since the last Australian forces withdrew from the Vietnam War.

Dawn services and marches were also held across New Zealand and in northern France.